Although the Moon is our nearest neighbor in the universe and has been visited six times by manned expeditions, there is a great deal that we still do not know about it.  As humanity expands into space and colonizes the solar system the Moon will be an important first step, so it is important to learn as much about it as possible.  Most of what we know about the Moon comes from remote sensing, which is the scientific discipline of learning about something without touching it.  A longstanding puzzle in lunar remote sensing, why the Moon is such a poor reflector of sunlight, has finally been solved.  It turns out that lunar soil is full of metallic iron grains smaller than a millionth of an inch in size, which could be a potentially important natural resource for a lunar base.  Data from recent lunar orbiting spacecraft have indicated that water ice may be present in the polar regions.  Water will be an essential natural resource for a permanent human presence.  These and other topics about our Moon will be discussed.